Thinking rationally: "laws of thought"

Aristotle: what are correct arguments - Yield correct conclusions when given correct premises
Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic: notation and rules of derivation
Direct line through mathematics and philosophy to modern AI: logicist tradition

1965 – programs that could, in principle, solve any solvable problem described in logic notation


Problems:
Not easy to take informal knowledge and state it in formal terms (particularly uncertain knowledge)
Solvable in principle <> practically solvable
Not all intelligent behavior is mediated by logical deliberation
What is the purpose of thinking? What thoughts should I have?

Thinking humanly: cognitive modeling

The General Problem Solver (Newell and Simon) – not important if the problem is solved correctly but rather if the steps correspond to the way humans think

Cognitive science brings together computer models from AI and experimental techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the working of the human mind
-- How to validate? Requires
1) Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down)
or 2) Direct identification from neurological data (bottom-up)
Both approaches (roughly, Cognitive Science and Cognitive Neuroscience) are now distinct from AI